SOCIOGRAM

SOCIOGRAM

INTRODUCTION

Sociometry is quantitative methods for measuring social relationship it was developed by Jacob Merino and Jennings in 1945 in a class the children are ask to select those with whom like to play or work. Each child makes his choice, and from this data, teacher can construct a social map which is known as Sociogram . Etymologically sociometry  means the way of measuring the degree of relatedness among people. It shows how an individual seen by his peers. It shows social acceptance or rejection among members of the social group. The sociogram is a type of seating chart. it sketches the pattern of rejection and attraction in the class by indication which friend each child would prefer to have in next to seat as a companion in class. on the school bus, or as partner in the next class meeting that is organized. Sociogram will help the teacher to 1 identify the star. cliques. mutuals, isolates. Star are those who are chosen by many. cliques are those who are chosen by exclusively by themselves, mutuals are unit of two individuals chosen reciprocally and isolates arc those who are chosen by nobody.

Sociometry is based on the fact that people make choices in interpersonal relationships. Choices are made on the basis of sonic criteria. These criteria include linking or disliking of a person for another person for another person in a group and knowing a person has or doesn't have the skills required for accomplishing a group task. The choices of the group members show the interrelatedness within the group. -I he diagrammatic representation showing the inter-relatedness within a group is called sociogram. It is a map representing student's preferences and rejectionfor each other in a group.

In a sociogram, each group member is represented by a circle, with an arrow pointing the individual chosen by him. The member chosen by most number of members is called star.., group may contain one or more stars. The persons not chosen by anyone are called isolates. Three or more persons who are more chosen by themselves as in a sub groups are called cliques. when two persons choose each other, it is called mutual pair. In its simplest form, a sociogram is made by asking every member of a class to write down the name of one classmate whom he likesmost.

MERITS

The social map directly helps the teachers in the management of the class activities.

·         It will tell whether class is a well knit or loosely knit group

·         It will help to prevent social maladjustment in pupils and to promote social cohesion. It helps to measure social relationships.

·         It shows the group dynamics.

·         It ranks candidates on the basis of acceptability.

·         It reduces conflicts.

·         It facilitates better adjustment.

·         It reveals the peer group dynamics.

LIMITATIONS

# Subjectivity

# Low Validity and Reliability

A sociogram is soeiometric instrument which diagrammatically indicates the information and changes of a group. It is a map of interpersonal relationships and interpersonal lines of communication. Wherever people aggregate, a sociogram occurs. Seating an-angements, although apparently randomly selected. are not usually happenstance occurrences. All people utilize some sociometric criteria when interaction with others. The criterion may he solely aesthetic. That is, they respond to and are either attracted to or repelled by colour, from, texture, or some other sensory cue. Other criteria may be dictated by the situation itself. For example, rooming, eating, studying, or working with another is predicted in the task about which one will be or has been engaged. Although sociometric choices take place among other animal forms, the current discussion is focused on the process of human interactions.

There are three major types of sociograms: the role diagram. The perceptual sociogram and themore conventional sociogram of the moment. The techniques for administering a sociogram, no matter what type, are essentially same. They consist of five basic stages (a) criterion selection; (b) matrix formation; (c) sociogram charting; (d) analysis; and (e) application. The examplewhich will  be used in explaining these techniques is the conventionally used sociogram of the moment. the existential and very real situation as the participants in the sociogram react to stated action criterion.

Is a graphic representation which serves to reveal and analyze the relationship of a poersonal with  their family or social circle, or to visuaIize the relationships within the family or of certain  members of the family with their external environment such as health and education service  leisure time activities,  work,  friends or place in the extended family.

A sociogram  sociogram is map representing student's preference for each other as play partners or parents. In its simplest form, it is created by asking every members of a class to write down the name of the  classmate in response to a question such as. Whom do you most prefer to spend your with'?" (There are variations on this simple procedure: se the postscripts at the bottom on the description) The students choices can be displayed as a map that suggests mutual social ii se. one- directional preferences, subgroup or cliques that may exist, and students who .fated from all relationship. There are many examples of sociogram of a classroom of children (in  this example, children were allowed to choose three classmates, not just one).

Social relationship in the classroom

The classsroom climate impacts how students fool about both the !canning situation andthe learning experience  Instructor can facilitate a supportive classroom climate by implementing basic strategies  which include: showing; acceptance, respect and caring  for students establishment  a business like nonthreatening atmosphere; communicating appropriate message about the relevance of the  subject matter; allowing students to experience some control in the classroom and learning environment: and creating a sense of community. A cooperative classroom environment opposed to a competitive classroom environment) will increase both students productivity and intrinsic motivation for learning. Creating a science of community in the k. increase student engagement and support learning.

NEED FOR RELATEDNESS

All people have a need tier social connection and the experience of secure connection, love, and respect with other individuals, or a need for relatedness is relevant for faculty, as it impacts human motivation. Students' needs for motivation may impact their relationships with both their teachers and with their classroom peers. Relatedness needs may impact students by motivating them to choose social activities over academic work. Students may he concerned with what others think of them. Which can he expressed either by attempting to present a certain image or by supporting and helping peers order to gain positive regard ? relatedness needs are expressed in two main forms : need for affiliation and need for approval. Students with a high need for affiliation may focus on connecting with peers, which can interfere with the learning process.

Major divisions

·         Star: Those points on a sociogram who have many choices are called stars when several children "positively' nominate the same person the many arrows all lead to that person thus emphasizing their "starkness." They are the center or "hub of attraction." We call them "star".

·         Isolates: Children who have not been "positively." Nominated by anyone in the group are usually defined as "isolates".

·         Mutual choices: These consist of pairs of children who chose each other.

·         Rejected: One who not selected by any one, but they select another persons.

·         Clique: Group of 3 persons, they have interrelation with each other, but they selection to the outside.

OBJECTIVES

·         To learn interaction and the structure of a group.

·         To discover where exactly an individual exists in that group.

·         To elicit social relationship and the organization type of a group through analyzing attitudes and aptitudes of group members among each other,

·         To identify subgroup. leaders and cliques of a group.

·         To obtain objective information about the real structure of a group and group integrity.

·         To enables us to learn about the group dynamics and evaluate socialization levels of students after some social activities and their effects on reaching the intended goal.

·         To help the school administration, teachers and counseling department by providing detailed information about the general structure and social relationship of the group by preparing social plans and programs to develop them in a better way and to find solutions to the problems

·         Sociometry is also gives us a chance to identify the distance: closeness of the group members with each other and the interaction net among them.

REPORT OF SOCIOGRAM

CIassroom climate remains and interesting and intriguing concept in understanding hoe the art of teaching and learning occur. Although classroom. It is the "emotionally" climate that is typically of high interest. Classroom climate describes the interactive emotional environment in which teachers teach and children learn, but it may also reflect subjective feelings of individual students. Alternately defined as a sense of belongingness, learning community, etc, the concept refers to the notion of an overall comfort level that children feel in class, the extent they feel connected and cared for, and whether they can accept as part of the community of learners. Though research on this topic is not definitive, it seems reasonable to believe that that the overall emotional environment can have a significant impact on children's motion to learn and subsequent achievement.

As our revised B.Ed curriculum we are try to be practice different mode of evaluation for psychology. A method for this purpose from social psychology is called sociometry.  So we made a practical study of sociogram conducted at St.George H.S.S  Muthalakodum. For preparing the sociometry I selected class VIII B In this class there were 28 students. Sociometry is based on the fact that people make choices in interpersonal relationships. In this I observed that the star got 12 points, including seven first choice and five second choice- The star of the class is number 18.

Sociometry is based on the fact that people makes choices in interpersonal relationship- So she got the highest score from entire class. That is why she became the star of class. In this class I observed three mutual. And there were three cliques. From my study I found that there is student in isolated.

CONCLUSION

Friendships are crucial to a child's emotional development not only because they provide social reinforcement but because they provide a buffer for handling stressors. Friendships also affect the learning climate for individual students that impact the child's overall sense of self- efficacy and ultimately classroom achievement and motivation. This paper discussed a tool for school psychologist, in collaboration with teacher that can be used to asses friendship status in the classroom - an aspect of classroom climate. This information could be invaluable to identify children in need of additional support and attention for in classroom interventions or referrals outside the classroom. Reviewing the overall patterns can provide teachers with a view of the classroom's social climate for possible classroom-wide interventions by the school psychologist. Moreover, sociograms can be used to assess effectiveness of interventions (i.e. as pre and post measures). Since sociograms are quick and simple to use; it can be used regularly to assess a classroom's social climate. It also particularly useful in classrooms where there is a high turnover of students or when new students are fitting in. Ultimately, we believe that sociogram data can supplement teacher observation to help establish the type of classrooms that maximally supportsstudent learning.

According to study it can concluded that the social relation in the VM B I observed that some of the students are rejected. Teacher should concentrate on these students to remove the marginalization of these students by appreciating the success of these students in front of their classmates, conduct group activities in which these students can perform and help others to complete that, very well. By these ways we can make them as well being part of the classroom. The important and good thing in this classroomrelation is no isolated present.

REFLECTIVE JOURNAL FOR SOCIOGRANI

DATE	EVENTS	LEVELS OF REFLECTION	JOURNAL ENTRY
	S O C I O G R A M	Description	My sociogram experience shoes me a lot about the social relationships in the classroom. It was very interesting to see the relationship among the students in their classroom- It taught me how many people have good social relationship among their classmates. I did my society in class VII B of St.George H.S.S Muthalakodum And 28 Students wherepresent during     the sociometry.
		Feeling	I           feel comfortable in the classroom environment. I believe that if we are giving more group activity to the students then they create more good relationship among the students and it creates a friendly atmosphere in the classroom.
		Evaluation	This experience was a great opportunity for me
			to learn the social relationship among the students of class VIII B. There were many idiosyncrasies that some students did not pick up a good relationship. 1l fee] that I did a good job t by generating sociogram to study the analysis of therelationship. I believe that the reflection method provide the best learning experience forthe students.
		Analysis	If teachers are finding out the relationship among the students of their class, then they can evaluate their friends circle and they can treat according to their character. From this activity I realized to do certain programmers to promote the relationship among the students in the class VIII B. This programmed made me to study the character difference of       each students and how we can transform         their ability.
		Action plan	If I did this sociogram again. I would change several things. I would add better hook at the beginning. I think that I need a better way to J draw my students in to the topic. I could have spent more time on each part of my programmed for getting a good result. And allowed for more students response. I feel that this would have been a good way to highlight the good way to_____ highlightthe relationship among the students.I feel this worked really well and I should have done my work in perfect.

                      KERALA FOLK DANCE

Kerala has a rich variety of folk dances. They are highly developed and reflect the temperaments and moods of the localities in music and costume. Nature silently and unobtrusively has moulded these dances just as the lives of the people who dance them.

Religious colouring is seen in almost all of these folk dances, even in those performed in connection with harvests, sowing of seeds, festivals etc., so much so that their secular nature is always at doubt. There is difficulty in classifying these dances as social, religious and martial. Many of these dances are performed by men alone, some exclusively by women. There are also dances in which men and women perform together. Most of the folk dances are performed to the accompaniment of songs which are sung by the dancers themselves or occasionally by a group of musicians. Some dances are performed to the accompaniment of musical instruments only. In several dances the performers form a circle and clap as they dance. Sometimes, instead of clapping they strike small sticks which they hold in their hands. The customs and ornaments are peculiar to the places to which they belong. The eloquent, effortless ease with which the dances are executed and the overwhelming buoyancy of spirit are wonderful. In these folk dances there is no difference between the performers and the audience. Almost all of these folk dances are simple but beneath this simplicity is a profundity of conception and a directness of expression which are of a high artistic order.

There are more than fifty well-known folk dances in Kerala. Of them the Kaliyattom, Mudiyettu, Kolam Thullal, Kolkali, Poorakkali, Velakali, Kamapadavukali, Kanniyarkali, Parichamuttukali, Thappukali, Kuravarkali and Thiruvathirakali are the most popular.